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Technology in Japan

Gema nanotechnology as the technology of the future have drawn great attention, especially for the world of researchers. In terms of language, the term "nano" is taken from the size of an object / material in the nanometer scale. Equal to one billionth of a meter nanometers. Thus, nanotechnology is an engineering material technology with precision in size to the nanometer scale.

Nanotechnology has been believed to be a breakthrough technology for the advancement of various fields, namely materials, electronics, IT (information technology), energy, environment, biotechnology, medicine and others. This great potential is what makes nanotechnology known as a key technology in the 21st century. This trend is soaring, especially since the nano technology development funds poured in when launching the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), the United States by President Bill Clinton in 2001, as a sign that nanotechnology has become a national program in America.

Following the United States, other countries, especially in western Europe (Britain, Germany, France and others), as well as in Asia (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Israel and others) also issued the same program, and they are even vying to be a leader in this technology. As the country forward in industry, Japan has a special interest in the development of nano technology. This paper focuses the development of nano technology in Japan, especially in terms of research emphasis and nano technology business models.

In order to welcome the echo of nano technology, in June of 2002, the Japanese government through the ministries of education, sports, science and technology (monbukagakushou), issued a report containing the directions of research and development of materials and nano technology. These reports outline contains 3 things. First, emphasis on research themes in the field. Second, the organization's human resources training of researchers. And third, the direction industrilisasi to the front. In the report, 25 major themes emerged including: nano devices for a new generation of IT, the single molecular sensing devices, bio-molecular devices by self-assembled method, soft nano-machines, drug delivery, and others. These themes will be a major concern in the development of nano technology in Japan now and the future.

Nanotechnology research in Japan is not only done at universities or other research institutions, but also in industry. Industry in Japan has recognized that nanotechnology has a big chance get into the business market, especially for 10 to 20 years. However, in reality, nano-technology industry with a claim that directly relate to the business is still not much (about 45 business ventures in 2003). It is still inferior to Americans who already have a nano-technology ventures in higher numbers, which is about 51 business ventures in 2003. Conditions in America was due to nano-technology business is not only done by the industry, but also a business venture is supported by the university as an institution of university technology transfer.

Each country has its own model and direction in the development of nano technology business. Japan itself has at least 3 models that will be developed. First, the model of general trading company, which models the combination of the results of basic research and technical components of production. With this method, nano technology research is expected not only to stop as a result of research, but also can produce products, which ultimately comes down to business.

The second model is a venture in the industry. In the world of industry, research and development of advanced technology in Japan is usually done by large industries. Therefore, they have a lot of knowhow about the technology, especially for basic research. However, to connect the nano technology with industrilalisasi, not enough research for this condition. The speed and special maneuvering is required for the development of nano technology. To that end, the industry tends to separate the nano technology from other arable fields, and then founded the venture in the industry to accelerate the development of nano technology. An example is what the company Hitachi Mu-solution by establishing a venture company or company Mitsui with Carbon Nanotec Research Institute.

The third model is thought to incorporate nanotechnology into industrial business restructuring. Lately, an important key in the management of arable industry is the selection and concentration. Industry, tend to choose certain arable field and to concentrate / focus there for being the best in the field of garapannya. However, the selection of plots and this concentration is not enough if not followed by the innovation of new business expansion. In this case, nano technology comes to the surface and is increasing from time to time.
Similarly, the global picture of nanotechnology developments in Japan, which from geliatnya we can see so serious the Japanese do not want to lose from another country, and want to master the nanotechnology market.

Reference
1. Nanotech and business by Ishikawa Masamichi, 2003
2. Nanoteku-katsuyogijutsu-no-subete by Kawai Tomoji, 2002.
3. Other References